Avoiding Plagiarism Essay Example

Staying away from Plagiarism Essay Universal Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology (IJAET) ? ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ?â ? ? ?â ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ISSN: 2231-1963 Morals If you don't mind note that creators are only liable for the substance of their entries. Each creator is sympathetically approached to guarantee that the submitted paper regards the moral principles concerning counterfeiting. Every single got paper are completely checked for copyright infringement. During the article procedure the submitted original copies are likewise analyzed utilizing copyright infringement location programming. Any paper demonstrated as unoriginality (by either peer commentators or staff editors, previously or after acknowledgment, during altering, or whenever before distribution) will be dismissed and its creators will be educated and prohibited from distributing in the IJAET. On the off chance that literary theft is identified after distribution, the editors will tell perusers of the infraction through an editors note in the diary, and the creators boss might be informed of the penetrate. If it's not too much trouble stay away from self-counterfeiting: if the submitted paper depends on a creators own recently copyrighted work (for example meeting procedures), legitimate reference ought to be given for the first content. Staying away from Plagiarism Original copy writing in for global diaries is loaded up with decides that Author regularly donâ„ ¢t realize how to follow. A working information on these standards, be that as it may, is fundamentally significant; accidental mix-ups can prompt charges of copyright infringement or the unacknowledged utilization of someone elseâ„ ¢s words or thoughts. A charge of copyright infringement can have extreme results, including boycotting from the diary. This article, which principally reflects IJAET strategy, is intended to help Authors to create methodologies for realizing how to keep away from coincidental copyright infringement. The core of staying away from literary theft is to ensure you give credit where it is expected. This might be credit for something someone stated, composed, messaged, drew, or inferred. Kinds of Plagiarism Without refering to source The Ghost Writer: The essayist turns in anotherâ„ ¢s work, in exactly the same words, as their own. The Photocopy: The essayist duplicates noteworthy segments of text directly from a solitary source, without change. The Potluck Paper: The essayist attempts to camouflage literary theft by duplicating from a few distinct sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while holding the vast majority of the first expressing. We will compose a custom article test on Avoiding Plagiarism explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Avoiding Plagiarism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Avoiding Plagiarism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Poor Disguise: Although the essayist has held the basic substance of the source, the person has modified the paperâ„ ¢s appearance marginally by changing catchphrases and expressions. The Labor of Laziness: The essayist sets aside the effort to reword the vast majority of the paper from different sources and make everything fit together, rather than burning through a similar energy on unique work. The Self-Stealer: The essayist obtains liberally from their past work, disregarding approaches concerning the desire for inventiveness embraced by most scholastic establishments. Sources Cited yet at the same time copied! The Forgotten Footnote: The essayist specifies an authorâ„ ¢s name for a source, however fails to remember explicit data for the area of the material referenced. This frequently covers different types of unoriginality by clouding source areas. The Misinformer: The essayist gives off base data in regards to the sources, making it difficult to track down them. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase: The author appropriately refers to a source, however fails to place in quotes text that has been duplicated in exactly the same words, or near it. Despite the fact that ascribing the essential plans to the source, the author is erroneously asserting unique introduction and translation of the data. The Resourceful Citer: The author appropriately refers to all sources, rewording and utilizing citations fittingly. The catch The paper contains practically no unique work! It is now and then hard to detect this type of copyright infringement since it would seem that some other very much explored report. The Perfect Crime: Well, we as a whole know it doesnâ„ ¢t exist. For this situation, the author appropriately statements and refers to sources in certain spots, yet proceeds to reword different contentions from those sources without reference. Along these lines, the author attempts to make the summarized material look like their own examination of the refered to material. Choosing when to Give Credit Need to Document * When you are utilizing or alluding to someone elseâ„ ¢s words or thoughts from a magazine, book, paper, tune, TV program, film, Web page, PC program, letter, notice, or some other medium * When you use data increased through meeting someone else * When you duplicate the specific words or an extraordinary expression from some place * When you reproduce any graphs, outlines, diagrams, and pictures * When you use thoughts that others have given you in discussions or over email No Need to Document * When you are composing your own encounters, your own perceptions, your own bits of knowledge, your own considerations, your own determinations about a subject * When you are utilizing basic information like fables, presence of mind perceptions, shared data inside your field of study or social gathering * When you are incorporating commonly acknowledged realities * When you are reviewing your own trial results?â Ensuring You Are Safe While investigating, note-taking, and meeting * Mark everything that is somebody elseâ„ ¢s words with a major Q (for quote) or with enormous quotes. * Indicate in your notes which thoughts are taken from sources (S) and which are your own bits of knowledge. * Record the entirety of the pertinent documentation data in your notes. * Proofread and check with your notes (or copies of sources) to ensure that anything taken from your notes is recognized in a mix of the ways recorded beneath: * In-text reference * Footnotes * Bibliography * Quotation marks * Indirect citations While rewording and summing up * First, compose your summarization and rundown without taking a gander at the first content, so you depend just on your memory. * Next, check your form with the first for substance, exactness, and erroneously obtained phrases. * Begin your outline with an announcement offering credit to the source: According to Rajan et.al.l, * Put any remarkable words or expressions that you can't change, or would prefer not to change, in quotes: Fast, reasonable and productive companion audit exist all through our diary the executives framework (IJAET). While citing legitimately * Keep the personâ„ ¢s name close to the statement in your notes, and in your paper,select those immediate statements that have the most effect in your paper too many direct statements may decrease your believability and meddle with your style. * Mention the personâ„ ¢s name either toward the start of the statement, in the center, or toward the end. * Put quotes around the content that you are citing. * Indicate included expressions in sections ([ ]) and precluded text with circles (. . .). While citing by implication * Keep the personâ„ ¢s name close to the content in your notes, and in your paper. * Rewrite the key thoughts utilizing various words and sentence structures than the first content. * Mention the personâ„ ¢s name either toward the start of the data, or in the center, or at that end. * Double check to ensure that your words and sentence structures are unique in relation to the first content. Choosing if something is Common Knowledge Material is most likely regular information if . . . * You locate a similar data undocumented in at any rate five different sources. * You think it is data that your perusers will definitely know. * You figure an individual could without much of a stretch discover the data with general reference sources.

Limiting Reactant Problems in Chemistry

Constraining Reactant Problems in Chemistry A reasonable synthetic condition shows the molar measures of reactants that will respond together to deliver molar measures of items. In reality, reactants are infrequently united with the specific sum required. One reactant will be totally spent before the others. The reactant spent first is known as the ​limiting reactant. Different reactants are in part expended where the rest of the sum is considered in overabundance. This model issue shows a strategy to decide the constraining reactant of a synthetic response. Issue Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) responds with phosphoric corrosive (H3PO4) to frame sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) and water (H2O) by the reaction:3 NaOH(aq) H3PO4(aq) â†' Na3PO4(aq) 3 H2O(l)If 35.60 grams of NaOH is responded with 30.80 grams of H3PO4,a. What number of grams of Na3PO4 are framed? b. What is the restricting reactant?c. What number of grams of the abundance reactant remains when the response is complete?Useful information:Molar mass of NaOH 40.00 gramsMolar mass of H3PO4 98.00 gramsMolar mass of Na3PO4 163.94 grams Arrangement To decide the restricting reactant, figure the measure of item shaped by every reactant. The reactant the produces minimal measure of item is the restricting reactant.To decide the quantity of grams of Na3PO4 formed:grams Na3PO4 (grams reactant) x (mole of reactant/molar mass of reactant) x (mole proportion: item/reactant) x (molar mass of item/mole product)Amount of Na3PO4 framed from 35.60 grams of NaOHgrams Na3PO4 (35.60 g NaOH) x (1 mol NaOH/40.00 g NaOH) x (1 mol Na3PO4/3 mol NaOH) x (163.94 g Na3PO4/1 mol Na3PO4)grams of Na3PO4 48.64 gramsAmount of Na3PO4 shaped from 30.80 grams of H3PO4grams Na3PO4 (30.80 g H3PO4) x (1 mol H3PO4/98.00 grams H3PO4) x (1 mol Na3PO4/1 mol H3PO4) x (163.94 g Na3PO4/1 mol Na3PO4)grams Na3PO4 51.52 gramsThe sodium hydroxide shaped less item than the phosphoric corrosive. This implies the sodium hydroxide was the constraining reactant and 48.64 grams of sodium phosphate is formed.To decide the measure of abundance reactant remaining, the sum utilized is required. grams of reactant utilized (grams of item shaped) x (1 mol of item/molar mass of item) x (mole proportion of reactant/item) x (molar mass of reactant)grams of H3PO4 utilized (48.64 grams Na3PO4) x (1 mol Na3PO4/163.94 g Na3PO4) x (1 mol H3PO4/1 mol Na3PO4) x (98 g H3PO4/1 mol)grams of H3PO4 utilized 29.08 gramsThis number can be utilized to decide the rest of the measure of overabundance reactant.Grams H3PO4 staying introductory grams H3PO4 - grams H3PO4 usedgrams H3PO4 staying 30.80 grams - 29.08 gramsgrams H3PO4 staying 1.72 grams Answer At the point when 35.60 grams of NaOH is responded with 30.80 grams of H3PO4,a. 48.64 grams of Na3PO4 are formed.b. NaOH was the restricting reactant.c. 1.72 grams of H3PO4 stay at consummation.

Nanobot and Astrobot are the newest robots. They a Essays - Chip

Nanobot and Astrobot are the freshest robots. They are made with the man-made brainpower, robot-parts of the body, information chips, memory and now with the assistance of quantum mechanics/material science they can stroll through dividers, be a moment telephone, transport in the midst of hardship (Quantum chip is should have been embedded). The rundown for the information chips: Quantum Chip Arithmetic Chip Lively Chip Science Chip Entertainer Chip Science Chip Material science Chip Topography Chip Hand to hand fighting Chip Strict Chip Craftsman Chip Performer Chip Amusing Chip Political Chip Dialects Chip Creator Chip Culinary expert Chip History specialist Chip Pioneer Chip Reasonable Chip Rationale Chip # He does everything (If I missed anything simply include it) Max 10 chips The Hondo ASIMO is the most progressive humanoid robot, yet not for long. Nano and Astro have the best voice acknowledgment, most likely superior to people! They simply adjust to the sound and pitch of the voice! It can adjust to the climate and condition, can stroll on any landscape or surface. It has astonishing equalization (extremely astounding), and can go here and there on steps effortlessly! What's more, with each one of those chips nothing can turn out badly!

Research Paper Topics For Studying Hip Hop

<h1>Research Paper Topics For Studying Hip Hop</h1><p>If you are an understudy in school or simply keen on hip jump look into paper points you should look at scholarly degree programs that offer you the investigation of music from rap and electronic to hip bounce just as urban music. Only a portion of the online scholastic degree programs for investigation of hip jump are the hip bounce PhD, the hip jump innovative examinations, and the hip-jump business. These degree programs are accessible on numerous school grounds and at numerous online universities.</p><p></p><p>A hip bounce PhD is a superb program for an understudy that needs to contemplate hip-jump music and the business related with it. The program offers you an extensive, online instruction to find out about the hip jump music industry and methods of making it a triumph. Understudies can likewise take courses in things like story music hypothesis, globalization, ubiquity hypothesis, PC music and media considers, data morals, and music hypothesis. Furthermore, the program incorporates an entry level position with a hip-bounce recording organization or recording artist.</p><p></p><p>The hip jump inventive investigations is additionally fascinating and simultaneously extremely thorough. The program will give you the devices you have to make a site that fuses the thoughts you learn in the program. This program is actually a four-year online course in making a hip-bounce site. You will gain proficiency with all the various advances associated with building a site including website architecture, business displaying, marking, internet based life promoting, content composition, web improvement, web based business, and a mess more. You can browse a scholarly program that centers around music or correspondence or one that has program alternatives for those hoping to begin a business in the hip jump music business.</p><p></p><p >Finally, the hip bounce business program is an awesome method to get the data you have to structure your own business. The program gives you appropriate training in the production of field-tested strategies, business arrangement, authorizing and account receivables, money related bookkeeping, a strategy that offers more than one way for business development. Understudies can browse a program that centers around business arranging and the executives and others that attention on organization the executives. Understudies can pick the scholarly program they are generally keen on and apply to the projects online.</p><p></p><p>Now that you realize what is accessible you can start to take a gander at all the hip jump look into paper themes that are accessible to you. You can visit the Internet and peruse through all the projects you can discover. You can likewise ask your college or school in the event that they have hip jump inquire about paper themes accessibl e. In the event that not, at that point you may need to inquire about your own.</p><p></p><p>You will need to set aside some effort to look through all the hip bounce investigate paper themes accessible to you. You need to ensure you get all the data you need and you make certain to discover precisely what you are searching for. This is particularly valid for online projects that are accessible. You might have the option to look into a program that will be near your school yet will be somewhat expensive.</p><p></p><p>Whatever inquire about paper themes you decide to consider you will locate an incredible foundation in the hip jump music industry. You can take courses that will permit you to comprehend the intensity of the music that rap and electronic specialists make. You can likewise take courses that will set you up to work in the business end of the industry.</p>

Effective Ways to Conclude an Essay Sample

<h1>Effective Ways to Conclude an Essay Sample</h1><p>The approaches to finish up an article tests from those utilized by those in advanced education are altogether different. They will in general be more in accordance with those utilized by experts in their everyday life and for good reason.</p><p></p><p>The fundamental motivation behind an exposition or a paper is to catch the understudy's consideration and intrigue so they will proceed with their work and not fall behind in their investigations. There are numerous approaches to move toward this yet understudies need to realize which is best for them.</p><p></p><p>One of the most straightforward approaches to close an article test is to incorporate your own suppositions or perceptions. Be that as it may, you should possibly do this on the off chance that you feel it is fitting. Understudies can turn out to be disappointed when they attempt to inform somebody how they feel regarding something, particularly if the individual being referred to can't help contradicting them.</p><p></p><p>Instead, pose inquiries about the assignments you have thought of and request models or different approaches to take care of the issues you have presented. On the off chance that the paper is looking truly long, you might need to separate it into sections or even parts with the goal that you can ensure your thoughts don't get lost in the shuffle.</p><p></p><p>Another approach to close an exposition test is to utilize visual cues and bolding. These are both viable approaches to close a paper tests. A few educators incline toward the immediate strategy for composing this piece of the paper so you might need to give this a try.</p><p></p><p>Begin by posting all the points that you feel are of significance to your understudies. Some may utilize this rundown as a bouncing off point to compose the ma in passage of the exposition. Others simply sum up the thoughts they feel critical to them.</p><p></p><p>Many times when understudies wind up broadly expounding, they are writing in an unexpected path in comparison to they had foreseen. You need to be certain that you layout your thoughts before starting with the goal that it will stream effectively once you get started.</p><p></p><p>The best way to discover what is best for you is to attempt a few strategies and choose which one you feel best meets your requirements. Along these lines you can apply it to a future task with the goal that you won't stall out in the groove of composing papers each day. Simply remember these thoughts and you won't go wrong.</p>

What Does That Mean in Writing a Persuasive Essay?

<h1>What Does That Mean in Writing a Persuasive Essay?</h1><p>The term business related is generally used to allude to a circumstance where one of the significant exercises included is the performing of a type of business. It is a business or calling wherein the individual plays out any action that is identified with business. Business related can likewise allude to the workplace condition, that is the thing that does that mean recorded as a hard copy a convincing essay?</p><p></p><p>In your composition on the off chance that you are going to attempt to make a paper, at that point you will need to ensure that the peruser has a decent handle of what the exposition is about, or that you at any rate get them to fathom the quintessence of what you are attempting to do. There are various kinds of subjects and on the off chance that you simply push everything into one theme the odds are that the article will endure and not look tantamount to it cou ld.</p><p></p><p>There is just a single significant activity when composing a paper and that is to ensure that the significant focuses are secured. This implies the subject is secured. The topic is secured, the principle postulation of the exposition is secured, and whatever else that is relevant is covered.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing a paper, you have to ensure that you spread all the focuses that you need to. You have to ensure that you come to your meaningful conclusion plainly and succinctly and whenever you do this the odds are that the other individual perusing your article will likewise have the option to discover the focuses that you needed to make clear.</p><p></p><p>In your composition in the event that you are going to attempt to make a paper, at that point you will need to ensure that the peruser has a decent handle of what the exposition is about, or that you at any rate get them to underst and the quintessence of what you are attempting to do. There are a wide range of sorts of subjects and on the off chance that you simply push everything into one theme the odds are that the paper will endure and not look on a par with it could.</p><p></p><p>There is just a single significant activity when composing an exposition and that is to ensure that the significant focuses are secured. This implies the subject is covered.</p><p></p><p>Working at a vocation is a significant part of life, and it is the motivation behind why we generally need to discover approaches to improve the nature of our business related lives. You will be flabbergasted at the numerous things that you can accomplish by taking on more responsibility.</p><p></p><p>Writing an exposition is a significant piece of the scholastic procedure and it is basic that you ensure that you spread all the focuses that you need to. You have to ensure tha t you come to your meaningful conclusion plainly and briefly and whenever you do this the odds are that the other individual perusing your article will likewise have the option to discover the focuses that you needed to make clear.</p>

Free Samples of Argumentative Essay

<h1>Free Samples of Argumentative Essay</h1><p>When I am showing a pugnacious paper, I don't generally get that much free examples of factious exposition. In the event that I go to a school book shop and buy a book on the best way to compose enticing papers, I will never observe any example papers that I can use to show to my understudies. Consequently, we should choose what sorts of contentions will be utilized in this specific course.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes I settle on the choice on what sort of subject to cover in a class dependent on what I read or from what I have caught wind of the standard article points utilized by the instructors in my college. It might sound senseless however now and then I settle on points dependent on which subjects that are accessible at the school bookstore.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes this can occupy so much perusing time that I need more an ideal opportunity to really finish the article. Con sequently, I will regularly utilize what I can for the free examples of contentious exposition that I have perused so as to make sense of what sort of convincing style that I need to use in my own class.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes it might take me a short time to settle on a subject that I will talk about in my group in light of the fact that the intended interest group for the paper isn't yet settled. In this manner, I need to hold up until I get an opportunity to meet the individual who will be taking part in the course. This procedure takes a short time to set up and to get everything going.</p><p></p><p>So what I do when I first settle on the choice to begin with an enticing paper is I search for the book or magazine article that reveals to me which points will be valuable in the specific class. For my situation, I need to compose a powerful article about a Spanish tale by Pablo Neruda. I pick one that is identified with my Spanish wri ting courses so the understudies would have the option to identify with my theme to their courses.</p><p></p><p>The issue I confronted was that I couldn't locate the free examples of pugnacious article that I expected to use in my group until some other time. So I really needed to get hold of a few duplicates of the book and magazines that I required so as to set up my convincing exposition for my classes. Since I was unable to discover the example articles on the web, I needed to get the ones that I needed.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that I did so as to set up the influential paper was to go to the library and look at certain magazines or books to take notes for my example exposition. So the free examples of contentious paper that I utilized in my classes were pretty much free examples that I found so as to set up my enticing exposition for the classes.</p>

Writing Topics For Great Gatsby Essays

<h1>Writing Topics For Great Gatsby Essays</h1><p>5 passage exposition points for extraordinary Gatsby incorporate what you'll be expounding on, to what extent the article ought to be, and what specific subjects you'll be covering. In this article I will talk about every one of these focuses in more detail, however before that allows first investigate some other composing points for extraordinary Gatsby titles.</p><p></p><p>Who would you say you are and what do you bring to the table to the world? This is frequently the principal question we ask ourselves when beginning an undertaking. To me, this is the most significant piece of the topic.</p><p></p><p>The primary subject of your 5-section article will be about Gatsby and how he transformed him and everything around him. Frequently, I've seen individuals attempt to cover the whole extent of Gatsby's life in only one long article. In the event that you truly need to co ver as long as he can remember in a solitary exposition, you should consider utilizing the Hedda Gabler strategy. Or then again, in case you're searching for something increasingly compact, maybe consider separating it into sub-topics.</p><p></p><p>What's your principle subject of the article? Who are you attempting to reach with this theme? When you know the response to this inquiry, you'll have the option to concentrate your point on that specific subject. Some exceptionally regular subjects utilized by understudies are: Gatsby's family, his cherished recollections, his encounters as a betting someone who is addicted, and his ascent to acclaim and wealth.</p><p></p><p>How long would it be a good idea for you to compose your article? You should just compose for 500 words or less. While this is an exacting principle for this one subject, remember that your exposition themes for incredible Gatsby can be as long or short as you can imagi ne. The fact of the matter is to get the point across without giving an excess of away. Another composing points for extraordinary Gatsby tip is to consider the key message you're attempting to pass on. Set aside some effort to consider how you need individuals to see you. What do you would like to accomplish with your composition? Is it to pass on Gatsby's inward musings, his way of thinking, or a speedy rundown of his story?</p><p></p><p>By knowing the responses to these inquiries, you can truly limit your composing themes for extraordinary Gatsby subject. Allow your psyche to meander and you'll before long begin to see subjects framing. This can assist you with arriving at your principle objective of composing a strong, cognizant article with a fascinating topic.</p><p></p><p>As I referenced previously, there are numerous other composing points for extraordinary Gatsby tips and thoughts. Keep your eyes and brain open for them.</p >

Topic For Essay Writing For Grade 7

<h1>Topic For Essay Writing For Grade 7</h1><p>In this article, we are going to discuss subjects for exposition composing for grade 7. What you have to think about subjects for this kind of paper are; the amount you are permitted to incorporate, what number of various points you can incorporate and how to integrate them all in an article. These are a portion of the themes that you should know of.</p><p></p><p>The first subject that you are permitted to incorporate is your educator's name. In any case, you are not permitted to compose 'Head' in the article. A note will be required. This implies there isn't a lot of space for imagination in your paper. Then again, it is hard to change this by composing 'Mr. Smith'Ms. Smith' as the last piece of the essay.</p><p></p><p>The second point that you are permitted to incorporate is your course of study. Your instructor will let you know precisely which subjects to incorporate a nd what number of points you can remember for your paper. You can have more than each reference in turn. You ought exclude more than two of every a sentence, so you will have the option to make the reference yourself.</p><p></p><p>The third subject that you are permitted to incorporate is the topic of the exercise. It can likewise incorporate your achievements. You ought to be set up to incorporate all the subject inside your article. For instance, your class' topic may be 'Sentiment' for example.</p><p></p><p>The fourth and last point is the primary subject of the exercise. You will likewise discover what number of points you can remember for the article. It is ideal to make it short. A lot of data is exceptionally hard to digest.</p><p></p><p>Let's recap what themes are permitted to be utilized in paper composing for grade 7. You can make your primary theme toward the start of the exposition. For this situatio n, it very well may be your educator's name. The subject for the exercise can be toward the start of the exposition. It can likewise be the topic of the lesson.</p><p></p><p>In expansion, the fundamental subject of the exercise is additionally the primary point that you will have for the paper. So you should guarantee that you remember enough data for your exposition. The fourth and last theme ought to be the principle subject of the paper. When you have enough data to make a decent and complete exposition, you can begin filling it in with the remainder of the information.</p>

Article Writing - How to Create Successful Visual Propaganda

Article Writing - How to Create Successful Visual PropagandaAre you ready to come up with some visual rhetoric essay topics? If you are, then this article is for you. Today, we're going to discuss the seven topics that will get you up and writing on your own essay before the end of the week.Now, to write your own essay, you need to be able to articulate your ideas in a clear and concise manner. One way to do this is by drawing comparisons between two unrelated topics. For example, let's say you're writing an essay about land surveys and the title of your paper is, 'Land Surveys and the Nautical Chart.' Your topic would include the basic differences between land surveys and the Nautical Chart.The second type of visual rhetoric is relating one subject to another. In this case, you'd be looking at a pair of subjects in order to draw parallels. You could, for example, say that a bridge is similar to a river and that it helps us connect two destinations. Or, you could say that a bridge is a river that crosses a river. Your use of this metaphor is another example of a visual metaphor.Visual metaphors are also known as corporations or colorings. In any form of visual rhetoric, the idea is to establish a theme through contrast. You're looking for something that will stand out against everything else around it. For example, a street sign might be a favorite coloration to the average person because it stands out against the background of blue or green. But if you turn the sign around, then it becomes a focal point, showing a different side of the coloration.The third type of visual metaphor is in reference to small things. For example, you can make a street light a figure of eight with the shape of a pedestrian walking across it or a child playing with a football. It will make the road a visual metaphor and help the reader understand the nature of the line it is following.When looking for visual imagery, keep in mind that if you're not careful, your imagery might fall fl at. It is important to stay in mind that what you choose should not overwhelm the reader. It is also important to remember that when using a metaphor or image, you want to make it as clear as possible so that it becomes a point of interest instead of just one more boring element in the article.The last of our article topics is recognizing when a specific piece of information cannot be explained through simple examples. For example, if you're writing an essay about the Environmental Protection Agency, you don't want to use the word 'monsters' in the title because it might scare the reader away. In such a case, you can use the word 'epidemics' instead.So, as you can see, visual rhetoric is an important part of making your article stand out from the rest. We've only touched on seven of the many topics that you can use in your essay, but as you start to compose your article, look at each piece of material in terms of its metaphor. Remember that there is no right or wrong, but you do hav e to be very careful.

Implementing Sarbanes-Oxley - Free Essay Example

Implementing Sarbanes-Oxley within an Environment: Understanding the controls used to implement Sarbanes-Oxley within an environment Recent high-profile corporate scandals (Enron, WorldCom, Tyco and Arthur Andersen etc.) have shattered the trust, of shareholders, legislators and authorities, in major publicly traded companies and have raised concerns for the state of corporate governance, not only in the United States, but also in other countries of the world. The United Kingdom is not immune to the wave of business fraud, corporate scandals, legislation changes and corporate environment restrictions. With the filing of bankruptcies, the US government had taken immediate action to prevent fraud in the future by enacting the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Similar restrictions and legislations have also been adopted in the UK, in an attempt to curb fraudulent acts from proliferating to the other side of the Atlantic through multinational public companies trading in the UK. SOX is a legislation designed to eliminate financial fraud and misstatements by greedy executives, unethical corporate practices and non-transparent business transactions. While SOX has redefined the roles, responsibilities and expectations of the board of directors, internal and external auditors, it has also reformed the practices within organizations. At the heart of the enactment of SOX is the implementation of control to oversee senior management, to secure accurate financial reporting information. Two major requirements of SOX are disclosure of material events and contingent liabilities (Rasch 2005). For this purpose, the role of information technology security has become enhanced, as it is expected to ensure transparency in decision-making, reliability and integrity in the system of disclosure. Yet IT experts are of the view that IT has a vague role in making SOX effective. IT security in SOX context is limited to the extent of enhancing reliability and integrity in reporting, and it does not contribute towards prevention of fraud or unethical corporate behaviours. It cannot prevent senior management from engaging in financial misstatements; neither can it curb executives from over-arching organizational controls and processes. The questions that arise then are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"what is the role of IT under SOX? What are the scope, narrative and control matrix for IT professionals within SOX environment? Are the frameworks for SOX implementation effective in achieving SOX objectives?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Before the researcher attempts to answer these questions, a brief background to the emergence of SOX, and why it is needed, must be explored. The turn of the century saw a series of corporate scandals of companies such as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco etc. Their executives had been involved in unethical corporate practices that affected shareholders and stakeholders, alike. Enron and W orldCom filed for bankruptcies (which were followed suit by others) as a result of fraudulent accounting practices and executives greed. Not long before the issues surrounding Enron and WorldCom were resolved, Arthur Andersen, the auditing firm, was charged for malpractice, especially in non-disclosure of fraudulent financial transactions and reportage. At the time, not only the morals of corporate executives had come under scrutiny, but the gatekeepers of the same companies, namely the auditors, had also been questioned of their ethical conduct. The environment of corporate America had become scandalized. The public had become concerned and demanded immediate reforms for curbing more firms from engaging in similar practices. The demand for vigilant corporate governance, in the form of policies, as well as law, increased. The collusion of financial reporting fraud and audit fraud had led to the need for provisions that would keep tight control over accounting and auditing activities , and to mandate compliance procedures that require executive certification, independent audit, and provisions for binding organizations to securities regulations (Romano 2005). The onset of the election, as well as the anxious public, pressured Congress to pass a legislation to indict companies for fraud and to restate the status of the American economy. The result had been the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Act, according to Rasch (2005), imposes significant accounting and control requirements on U.S. publicly owned companies (and probably on foreign companies which are either traded on U.S. exchanges or which make up a significant part of a U.S. companys financial reporting). SOX addresses the Enron scandal by establishing controls that would require the need for paper trails of audit activities; it mandates auditor independence; it enhances corporate responsibility; it requires executive accountability; and, more importantly, it establishes control systems b y setting a series of compliance policies (Rasch 2005). Control refers to processes, in business or IT environment, whereby, internal controls over financial information generation, access, collection, storage, processes, transmission and usage are governed by a set of guidance. To formalize, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) provides guidelines for financial reporting processes and financial information recording, storage and access. Similarly, for IT auditors relevant guidelines, COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies), had been formed to provide an open standard established by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI), and the Information Systems Audit and Control Association. In the UK, this type of internal controls have been taken up by the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), published by the Office of Government Commerce (Rasch 2005). The basic premise for adopting the SOX standard (in the UK or otherwise) for internal controls over IT infrastructure, is to ensure no repetition of the American dilemma, should it occur among UK corporations. After the American scandals, the government and securities commission realize there is a great need for internal controls to emphasize disclosure, both in terms of material events and contingent liabilities, to prevent bottom-line impact. Moreover, SOX is primarily enacted for the purpose of setting standards for accurate financial reporting information. Since, in modern organizations, there is a great reliance on information technology for transfer, store, access and process information, this means IT and its systems have to be reliable and dependable, in order to gear for transparent transaction, certification and compliance. However, before one can fully establish IT responsible for effective SOX compliance, one needs to understand that accurate financial reporting entails processes and elements that do not necessarily have direct link to financ ial reportage. For example, decisions of board of directors, top company officials, as well as internal and external auditors, securities exchange authorities and so on (Tighter Sarbanes-Oxley Called For 2007), may not necessarily link with IT. Similarly, processes of risk assessment, control activities, monitoring, information and communications form the basis for accurate financial reportage. IT facilitates these activities, but may not be contingent for its accuracy. For these reasons, SOX has established sets of compliance and controls for companies to follow (Caterpillar and Internal Controls 2007). Although, the details of these compliances do not identify IT responsible for controlling fraud per se, nevertheless, it does enhance the role of IT departments and professionals within companies as gatekeepers. For example, Section 404 requires checking of internal controls, which means the implementation of COSO Framework is necessary. In Chans (2004) work, the author outlines tha t the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), which sets auditing standards under SOX, refers to IT as affecting companys internal control over financial reporting. She writes: Because systems process and system-generated entries are an integral part of financial reporting, general IT and application controls should be documented and evaluated based on a disclosure and management assessment framework that is compatible with business-process mapping, to enhance consistency and quality. By the same token, the IT environment must be reviewed, along with the overall control environment, for the organization. Simply put, IT governance is an essential component and contributor to financial governance. (Chan 2004). In this context, IT becomes the processing environment that holds many key controls critical for SOX compliance. However, before one can qualify an organization as SOX compliant, its IT control activities need to meet specific criteria. Chan (2004), for example, po ints to the following assessment criteria: a. IT dependent business environment b. IT processes significant to business activities c. deficiency in IT solutions d. high risk due to computer operations e. organization processes, especially financial reports, dependent on computer processing. f. business based on enterprise-wide systems g. financial application systems used for transactions, interaction and recording of accounts h. dependence on IT processes for enterprise business end-to-end processes i. IT processes managed by third party outsource Apart from the above, the ITGI considers management of IT risks critical for IT governance and compliance. Risk, according to its report, exposes organizations to IT failures. IT related risks impact on business by exposing the business to operational crash, security breach or failed project. Technical complexity, dependence on service providers, limitation of reliable risk-monitoring information systems resu lt in improper governance and risks. Implementation of frameworks, such as COSO, develop readily usable enterprise risk management programmes. Moreover, they provides guidance and direction for overcoming risks, and implement corporate governance, new legislations, regulations and standards (ITGI 2005). Chan (2004) further notes that SOX compliance means reporting rise from the transaction level all the way to its final destination in the financial statements. Processes involved in dissemination of information related to it, depend on the manual and automated controls of the IT framework. For this reason, IT control weaknesses often result in poor compliance and accountability. IT controls, therefore, must be business-driven. More importantly, it must follow a standardized framework that separates common information from sensitive ones, to minimize risks, as well as promote harmonization, of IT, internal auditing, finance and business units. SOX does not require organizations to simply implement standard controls, but rather encourages organizations to assess and evaluate internal controls to devise efficient and least intrusive control information documentation, policies and methodologies (Chan 2004). Having said that, experts (Kendall 2007; Carter 2007; Roth 2007) are of the view that SOX compliance is still at its rudimentary stage as organizations in America and in other parts of the world are still grasping its compliance mandates. Kendall (2007), for example, cites organizations as still uncertain of an effective system of control over financial reporting. Provisions within SOX do not provide guidance for successful implementation of controls based on SOX mandates. As a result, companies are relying on their internal controls assessments and testing, to achieve control objectives relevant to SOX requirements, such as examination of risks, create IT risk inventory, reducing controls, consolidating controls, standardizing processes, monitoring change s and streamlining processes. Carter (2007) notes that CSA (control self-assessment) techniques are useful in identifying opportunities for improvement. The technique involves bringing together individuals from different business units of the organization, to gather information on company processes. The session encourages evaluation and redesigning of processes to provide accurate and timely documentation, financial and otherwise. Roth (2007) notes that the ERM (enterprise risk management) technique implies that SOX compliance does not necessarily result in prevention of fraud in the IT context. In fact, other frameworks are more effective in identifying, monitoring and assessing risks associated with IT systems and processes. As mentioned earlier, SOX does not really specify any framework for implementing internal controls. It merely mentions Internal Control and Integrated Framework. Internal control is just as ambiguous, as it means different things for different people. It is likely that miscommunication may occur as a result of different expectations and perceptions of internal control for SOX compliance. For example, internal control, according to COSO, can be defined as, a process, effected by an entitys board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives (COSO 2004). However, for different organizations, the composition of these elements and processes may differ. Furthermore, according to Damianides (2005), SOX legislation has created a great need for business to have IT internal control in place, to ensure data reliability and maintenance of ethical activities. It requires processes to be aligned with the Acts Section 302 and 404. Section 302 entrusts the responsibility of financial statements certification and disclosures to CEOs (chief executive officers) and CFOs (chief financial officers), while Section 404 requires internal controls of financial reportage witho ut actually outlining guidance or procedures for implementing them. Indeed, it has been the ITGI that has come up with the COSO international control framework for financial reporting. The COSO framework is based on the following objectives: Effectiveness and efficiency of operations Reliability of financial reporting Compliance with applicable laws and regulations Thus, internal control is a process, affected by people and expected to provide reasonable assurance and achievement of objectives of one or more overlapping categories (Damianides 2005). The COSO framework follows the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and addresses issues related to: * Segregating accounting duties. * Developing effective boards and audit committees. * Managing with wider spans of control. * Implementing sound information technology controls. * Documenting the design and operation of controls. (Rittenberg, Martens and Landes 2007). The COSO framework ou tlines principles and components for effective risk management processes as well, which is why it is often confused with the ERM (enterprise risk management). The implementation process of COSO involves identification, assessment, response and controls set up and aligned with its strategic plans. The framework emphasizes on enterprise risk management responsibilities and activities that would result in achieving organizational objectives. To ensure that management processes are in place and function according to SOX compliance, an integrated framework can be set up based on COSO guidance. It encourages identification of risk, assessment of companys strategies, and ways to invest in setting up an internal control framework such as investment in effective ERM, establishing effective technology controls and relate it with financial reporting. COSO implementation differs from other internal control framework, as it is broader and incorporates concepts from various risk management strate gies, set up and techniques. It requires external and internal control for financial reportage for SOX Section 404 compliance. As a result, not only the board of directors, but management executives, along with CFO and CIO, become part of the disciplines and procedures for establishing internal control framework (COSO 2004). On the other hand, non-compliance of COSO implementation may result adversely in terms of non-systematic approach for controls or incomplete controls set up, weak and inefficient control environment, which may result in inadequate processes and reportage (ITGI 2006). According to COSO (2004), ERM integrated framework significantly reduces risks for all types of industries, as this framework recognizes effective enterprise risk management processes and applies it in the context of strategic development. According to Ramos (2004), the COSO framework divides IT controls into computer controls and application specific controls. On the other hand, the ERM framework r equires ongoing feedback of information from throughout the company (COSO 2005) to support risk assessment. Similarly, the ITGI also developed COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and related Technology) to address the need for frameworks that address IT issues and provide guidance for IT professionals. COBIT involves provisions of information for achieving organizational objectives, IT processes and resources management. The framework provides a standardized guidance resource for structuring IT controls to comply with Section 404 of SOX (Damianides 2005). Thus, COBIT represents a collection of documents that provide guidance for IT governance, control and assurance. According to the ITGI (2006) report on COBIT, it is a framework for comparing with other frameworks, and provide guidance for process compliance and improvement. The role of IT is magnified under this framework as it addresses issues related to IT by mapping its activities to business drivers, and outlining risk s of non-compliance such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Misaligned IT services, divergence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Weak support of business goals due to misalignment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wasted opportunities due to misalignment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Persistence of the perception of IT as a black box à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shortfall between managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s measurements and expectations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Know-how tied to key individuals, not to the organisation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Excessive IT cost and overhead à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Erroneous investment decisions and projections à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dissatisfaction of business users with IT services supplied (ITGI 2006). Under the COBIT framework, organizations must satisfy the quality and security requirements of their information systems for all assessments. The management has the principle role in optimizing IT resources through applications, infrastructure and personnel usage. The process involves entrusting responsibilities and objective a chievements throughout the organization, through an enterprise wide IT architecture. Unlike the COSO framework, COBIT provides guidance for good practice for domain processes within the framework, including specifying activities and executing processes. However, its main focus is on internal control, rather than merely on execution, as COBIT identifies control objectives for planning and organization; acquisition and implementation; delivery and support; and monitoring and evaluation to be integrated within the IT infrastructure. This ensures the internal control system is in place within the IT environment (ITGI 2006). In line with the above, ISO 17799 has also been established to measure security controls within an IT environment. ISO 17799 emerged as Information Security Code of Practice from the UKs Department of Trade and Industry and revised by the British Standards Institute in 1995. It underwent many changes before it adopted its present status. The document outlines a se t of standards that covers organizational security, asset classification and control, personnel security, physical and environmental security, access control, system development and maintenance, business continuity management and compliance (ISO 27002 Central 2007). In addition to ISO 17799, a revised version BS7799-2 / ISO27001 in 2002 has been published to add specification for Information Security Management System (ISMS). This part takes into account of measure, monitor and control of security management (ISO 27002 Central 2007). ISO 17799 implementation involves organization of different areas of the business within its framework. For example, setting up of objectives to ensure business activities and processes are not disrupted by developing system access control of information, unauthorized access, network security, unauthorized computer access and ensure information security is in place for mobile computing. Furthermore, ISO 17799 also have provisions for system development and maintenance that ensure operational systems, data application systems, confidentiality and integrity frameworks. Under the ISO 17799 framework, controls are defined through legal and business requirements, cost of implementation and potential impact of security breach (ITGI 2006). The ISO 17799 framework not only ensures compliance through security, but also extends external controls to avoid criminal or civil law, statutory, regulatory and contractual activities (ISO 27002 Central 2007). Overall, it is the organizations security, which is the main objective of ISO 17799. However, in terms of SOX compliance, this framework is limited as it focuses on IT control implementation exclusively (ISO 17799 and Computer Security News 2007). Even though it does not relate to SOX entirely, non-compliance exposes companies to risk of information disclosure, such as loss of confidence and trust; incomplete risk assessment; lack of security awareness within the organization, third party inter action and interference in the organization; and flawed procedures (ITGI 2006). The ITIL is another framework based on a series of publications of eight books that outline best practice for IT service management. It has been established by the Central Computer and Telecommunication Agency (CCTA) (or British Office of Government Commerce) (ITGI 2006). ITIL defines service processes, quality, objective and implementation of control for IT organization. The books are guides for addressing effective IT function through operation and maintenance of existing systems; development of new systems, and adjustment of service delivery for evolving requirements of the business. The key concepts that ITIL addresses are holistic IT service management and customer orientation. The processes involve incident, problem, configuration, change, and release management, apart from best practices, such as service level management, financial management for IT services, capacity management, business conti nuity and availability management Non-compliance results error-prone support processes (ITGI 2006). Despite the presence of these frameworks (and many others), there are no guarantees for financial reportage exposure to data risks. According to Brown and Nasuti (2005), these frameworks do not necessarily mean SOX compliance, as they are dependent on the companys ability to identify, choose and implement particular framework(s). They are of the view that the frameworks adopted contribute towards strategy, architecture and planning of IT processes and enables executives to manage, anticipate and assemble technologies and methodologies for continuously improving IT environment, but they do not help prevent fraud. SOX provisions are applicable not only in publicly traded companies, but also in internal control environment of private companies, though their processes may differ from firm to firm. The choice for adopting particular framework, thus, depends on the efficacy of IT infrast ructure alignment with the business objectives, the challenges it poses to IT governance, systems development and competencies and change management initiatives. It also depends upon the implementation of risk management approaches and ways organizations identify success factors for implementation. SOX complexity does not end in the choice of framework or effects of non-compliance. SOX audit is an area that has raised major concerns among auditors. Auditors are responsible for bookkeeping, financial information systems, valuation services, investment services, legal services and actuarial services that are related to managerial functions and investment activities. Yet SOX provisions, according to Tackett, Wolf and Claypool (2006), prohibit consulting activities by independent auditors. The restriction includes management assessment and attestation on effectiveness. The basic premise for setting these restrictive provisions is to curb independent auditors from assisting management in establishing internal controls for management processes, delegation and responsibilities. SOX compliance, though, allows for corrective feedback, testing of activities, and assistance in approval of processes, it does not provide interference from independent auditors. As a result, SOX audit provisions mandate self-audit by non-audit consulting service providers. It also mandates auditors to provide one report on financial statements, and 3 relating to ICOFR (internal controls over financial reporting), so as to ensure reports are independent and may contain unqualified opinion over internal control of financial reportage. SOX enactment has demonstrated that there is a great need for improving corporate responsibility and restore investor confidence in the US public companies. The setbacks by corporate scandals have intensified the need to establish regulations that would apply strict rules for accountability, disclosure and reporting (ITGI 2004). The emphasis on Section 404 requires senior management and business owners to reconsider their present internal control structure. As compliance to SOX means redesign of internal control structure, where IT plays a critical role nowadays, for financial reporting processes, organizations are gradually appreciating the mandates outlined by SOX. However, for the majority, there is still a gap which SOX has not addressed: ITà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in SOX. Since SOX has not clearly identify IT control as part of SOX compliance, nevertheless, IT has become an apparent vital internal control, as without IT systems, data and infrastructure components financial reporting would have been incomplete. This distinction leads the researcher to understand that IT has the critical role of laying the foundation for internal control for SOX compliance. This is inherent in the fact that modern organizations use information technology and their system for establishing control over financial reporting. IT internal control is syno nymous with gate keeping and, in essence, meets the requirements of SOX. Given the above rationale and background, the researcher proposes research in the following contexts: What are the scope, narrative and control matrix for IT professionals within SOX environment? Are the frameworks for SOX implementation effective in achieving SOX objectives? How can organizations identify, choose, create and implement a control matrix that is congruent with SOX compliance keeping ITs role in mind. And lastly, how can organizations enhance the role of IT internal control in SOX compliance? The researcher understands that there is a critical link between SOX compliance and IT, as it has been emphasized by the various frameworks recommended by SOX. Even though SOX does not specify which frameworks to choose, the researcher assumes that current frameworks established by ITGI, CCTA and ISO are the ones accepted by the law, organizations and professionals. The researcher also a ssumes that SOX compliance has become a mandate, rather than an option. In the research that ensues, the researcher shall assume that organizations that adopt SOX compliance have defined IT infrastructures and are keen on building upon IT internal control, conducive to transparent, accurate and reliable financial information. However, these assumptions place certain limitations in the research. They exclude organizations, which may not have adopted IT infrastructure for financial reporting, such as small private enterprises, which are not required by law to disclose financial information to the public. They also limit the study to organizations that are not affected by SOX, for example, foreign firms that do not rely on IT systems for financial reporting and are not affected by US laws. Nevertheless, the researcher is of the view that IT internal control is not only a SOX compliance mandate currently, but also a requirement for successful organizations. It is important for organi zations to have internal control in place, regardless of SOX compliance, in order to remain competitive in business. For these reasons, the researcher shall bypass the limitations and assume that organizations, whether large or small, require SOX internal control frameworks for compliance. The purpose of the research is to explore SOX in the context of IT internal control frameworks. As outlined in the above literature this is critical for SOX compliance as well as for laying the foundation for IT infrastructure building. Thus, the research shall be relevant to legislative officials and SOX compliant interpreters who need to understand the gap, if any, for compliance. Moreover, it is relevant for IT professionals who are involved in exploring, establishing and aligning IT control within the SOX context. They would find the study enumerative in understanding IT relevance under SOX as well as how they could better its objectives. For student researchers, the study may act as a plat form for furthering research in the areas of IT internal control matrix, frameworks creation and competitive advantage through SOX compliance, which shall be touched upon briefly. Academicians shall find the research enumerative as it explores various options for SOX internal control frameworks through a study of dimensions in implementation. The choice for research methodology largely depends upon the concepts being explored. The validity of the choice of research methodology also depends on the issues rationale adopted for discussing the topic. In the course of the research conducted for the proposal the researcher has found that understanding SOX compliance may require a theoretical exploration and at the same time measurement for its effectiveness and efficacy. In this context, the researcher may adopt a quantitative or qualitative approach. Quantitative approach refers to quantitative measures based on primary observations and empirical findings (Stenbacka 2001). On the othe r hand, a theoretical exploration requires a qualitative approach. Qualitative research involves extensive research based on concepts, theories and ideas studied by other experts before the researcher can reach to his/her own conclusions (Sykes 1991). This is not all; research approach choice also depends on reasoning. Critical thinking requires that one understands the rationale behind the results acquired. Rationale choice can be categorized into inductive or deductive. Deductive reasoning refers to a process of generalization before narrowing it down to the research problem or issue. Alternatively, inductive reasoning refers to inquiries that is based on specific problem or issue, and explore it to establish generalizations. Whichever the rationale approach adopted the researcher must determine it in the context of its relevance to the research problem (Hyde 2000). In the context of the above proposal, the researcher shall aim to adopt a combination approach of quantitative and qualitative methods so as to comprehensively test the validity of the questions proposed. The combination of deductive and inductive reasoning on the other hand shall enable the researcher to understand the problem issue of SOX compliance within the IT environment dynamically. References Author not available (2007) Caterpillar and Internal Controls Sarbanes-Oxley UK. Online accessed on 22 June 2007 from: https://www.sarbanesoxleyuk.co.uk/asarbanesoxleyuka366306.htm Author not available (2007) Tighter Sarbanes-Oxley Called For Sarbanes-Oxley UK. Online accessed on 22 June 2007 from: https://www.sarbanesoxleyuk.co.uk/asarbanesoxleyuka366211.htm Brown, W. and Nasuti, F. (2005) What ERP systems can tell us about Sarbanes-Oxley. Information Management Computer Security Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 311-327 Carter, C. (2007) Compliance Through Self-assessment. The Internal Auditor 64 no. 2 pp. 69-72 Chan, S. (2004) Sarbanes-Oxley: the IT dimension: information technology can represent a key factor in auditors assessment of financial reporting controls. Internal Auditor, February Issue. COBIT Mapping: Overview of International IT Guidance, 2nd Edition ITGI 2006. COSO (2005), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“FAQs, for COSOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s enterprise risk management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" integrated frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , COSO. Online accessed on 22 June 2007 available at: www.coso.org/Publications/ERM/erm_faq.htm Damianides, M. (2005) Sarbanes-Oxley and IT Governance on IT Control and Compliance. Information System Management 77 Winter Issue. Fletcher, M. (2006) Five Domains of Information Technology Governance for Consideration by Boards of Directors. Capstone Report. Hyde, K. F. (2000), Recognising deductive processes in qualitative research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Volume: 3 Issue: 2 pp. 82 90 ISO 27002 Central (2007) The A-Z Guide for BS7799 AND ISO17799. ISO 27002 Central. ITGI (2000) Aligning COBIT ®, ITI L ® and ISO 17799 for Business Benefit. A Management Briefing from ITGI and OGC. ITGI (2004) IT Control Objectives for Sarbanes-Oxley: The Importance of IT in the Design, Implementation and Sustainability of internal Control Over Disclosure and Financial Reporting. ITGI. ITGI (2005) Information Risks: Whose Business Are They? IT Governance Institute Report. Kendall, K. (2007) Streamlining Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance. The Internal Auditor 64 no.1 pp. 38-42, 44 Patterson, E. R. and Smith, J. R. (2007) The Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley on Auditing and Internal Control Strength. The Accounting Review Vol. 82, No. 2. pp. 427-455. Ramos, M. (2004), How to Comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Rasch, M. (May 3, 2005) Sarbanes Oxley for IT security? Security Focus. The Register. Online accessed on 22 June 2007 from : https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/05/03/sarbanes_oxley_for_it_security/ Risk Associates (2007) ISO 17799 and Computer Security News . Risk Associates. Online accessed on 22 June 2007 available at: https://www.computersecuritynow.com/index.htm Rittenberg, L. E., Martens, F. and Landes, C. E. (2007) Internal Control Guidance. Journal of Accountancy 203 no.3 pp. 46-7, 49-50 Romano, R. (2005) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Making of Quack Corporate Governance. Yale Law Journal. Vol. 114. Issue: 7 pp. 1521+ Roth, J. (2007) MYTH vs. REALITY: Sarbanes-Oxley and ERM. The Internal Auditor 64 no. 2 pp. 55-60 Stenbacka, C. (2001) Qualitative Research Requires Quality Concepts of Its Own. Management Decision 39/7 pp. 551 Sykes, W. (1991) Taking stock. Journal of the Market Research Society, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 3 Tackett, J. A., Wolf, F. and Claypool, G. A. (2006) Internal control under Sarbanes-Oxley: a critical examination. Managerial Auditing Journal, Volume 21 Number 3 pp. 317-323

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One other significant thought to note when you buy custom exposition on the web is that you have to not pick one by cost. </p> <h2>Understanding Custom Written College Papers </h2> <p>Why custom composition and buying a research project from a paper plant is anything but a smart thought. The sort of paper doesn't generally make a difference, inasmuch as you help out experienced essayists. In case you're working out your paper for the absolute first time, be certain you decide exact methods for its endeavor. Be sure you will acquire a unique paper and no one would ever realize you requested from us. </p>

Research Paper Writing As a Supplement to Learning About Adolescent Development Topics

Research Paper Writing As a Supplement to Learning About Adolescent Development TopicsIt isn't uncommon for grown-ups and young people to have a warmed conversation on issues like high school pregnancy, sedate maltreatment, immature weight, substance misuse, teenager harassing, sex ed, youngster liquor and medication use, and so forth. As a grown-up, I consider myself to be a promoter for the prosperity of my kids. However from multiple points of view, I am really an ideal possibility for an exploration paper because of my age, my activity and my education.My encounters with inquire about papers throughout the years and the data I have amassed over my vocation in instruction propose that young people and grown-ups may require extra chances to find out about immature improvement subjects and other significant subjects of significance to society on the loose. It is not necessarily the case that grown-ups should take up the subject of pre-adulthood in their extra time. In any case, ther e are various emotionally supportive networks accessible to them and research paper composing is one of them. Thus, numerous instructors and scientists prescribe it as a likelihood to compose an exploration paper that can fill in as an enhancement to other work that would some way or another be introduced in a class or thesis defense.During my doctoral program in youth and optional training, a teacher who represents considerable authority in youth issues suggested that I compose an examination paper about child rearing, youngster's mental health and what he called intellectual conduct treatment. Obviously, I thought nothing about youngster brain science or child rearing practices when I acknowledged his greeting. Therefore, I was appreciative to be given a task that allowed me the chance to find out about the subtleties of these themes. That experience inspired me to seek after my doctorate in instructive brain research. I keep on composing research papers on different themes identi fied with kid advancement and child rearing, child rearing techniques, kid psychopathology, grown-up psychopathology, youngster injury, pre-adulthood, kid brain science, and the job of child rearing in immature health.Psychologists today keep on searching for data sources on kid improvement points and child rearing practices. An ongoing review demonstrated that in excess of 80 percent of pediatricians are suggesting that guardians invest some energy every week recording inquiries to pose to their kids with respect to formative, mental and social issues. Moreover, the American Academy of Pediatrics as of late reported its help for child rearing projects intended to upgrade kid improvement. In excess of 3,000,000 guardians presently use the methods of CBT, conduct alteration and instructive methodologies to enable their youngsters to figure out how to manage pressure, injury, gloom, tension, fears, and other negative behaviors.The American Academy of Pediatrics has discharged another pediatrician's infant book that incorporates inquiries for guardians and what the new arrangement of pediatricians associates suggest guardians ask their newborn children and little children. By utilizing such materials, guardians can realize what kids need to know to be sheltered and secure during the early years.Peer tormenting is only one of the numerous themes that the present guardians need to address. Studies demonstrate that most guardians don't perceive the indications of companion tormenting and experience issues forestalling or perceiving its belongings. Shockingly, they don't believe that this conduct is a difficult that warrants tending to. Luckily, examine has demonstrated that it is, truth be told, an issue that ought to be routed to the furthest reaches conceivable by families, schools, social specialists, instructors, guardians, and every other person associated with the avoidance of immature friend bullying.There are numerous gatherings where guardians can talk abou t different issues identifying with juvenile advancement subjects and child rearing, and an examination paper is one of the most accommodating wellsprings of data. A case of this could be the point at which a clinical expert proposes that guardians may profit by investigating issues identifying with child rearing and formative topics.It is critical to recollect that composing an examination paper is an incredible method to enable others to pick up understanding into their lives and to instruct and prepare themselves about specific subjects. What better approach to accomplish that objective than using the composed word?

Research Paper Assistance Services

<h1>Research Paper Assistance Services</h1><p>The ever-developing pattern in the exploration paper industry is to enlist a gathering of graduate understudies and research associates to finish the examination paper. This is especially regular in colleges and prominent organizations. These gatherings are called examine paper help services.</p><p></p><p>These associations will give the different undertakings and administrations that are should have been finished to guarantee that the paper is accurately finished and submitted. These administrations incorporate altering, revising, editing, organizing, and so on. These are basic to the scholarly expert who is taking a shot at an examination paper.</p><p></p><p>This can be an incredible requirement for graduate understudies and other alumni partners who need help with the consummation of their exploration papers. To guarantee that the work is appropriately done, they should spend their whole summer accomplishing the examination work to ensure that it is done appropriately. Note that these individuals won't be paid in any capacity, shape or form.</p><p></p><p>Many of these autonomous research associate administrations are private and will just require the exploration paper help administrations to be utilized on explicit activities. They will do the whole research for you and afterward give you a development duplicate of the last draft of the exploration paper. This is the thing that the individuals in the business call the post-distribution peer review.</p><p></p><p>This is the last piece of the procedure before you have totally composed research paper. It is here where you will compose the reference index, do a couple of sections of altering, present the paper to the diaries or distributers, and so on. By and large these administration gatherings will work straightforwardly with the distributers or diarie s to get your paper acknowledged into their journals.</p><p></p><p>The inquire about paper help administrations are useful on the grounds that it guarantees that the exploration paper doesn't get ruined because of constantly and exertion spent on the examination. The doctoral understudy will in any case need to experience a similar altering process aswith a standard research paper, yet there is no compelling reason to invest the entirety of that energy inquiring about and reworking. There is additionally no compelling reason to stress over having the different strides of the procedure rehash in the event that you need to employ another gathering to help you.</p><p></p><p>As you take a gander at the different projects accessible, you may find that you can set aside yourself some cash by utilizing a gathering that is committed to just a single association. This could spare you many dollars over the long haul, particularly when the nature of the examination paper help administrations are high. These administrations will spare you time and permit you to focus on different things, for example, composing the exploration paper.</p><p></p><p>You can discover these associations by going on the web sources, for example, the Scholarships.org. They will assist you with finding the best projects for the doctoral understudies. Obviously, you will have the option to decide the amount it will cost you to get instruction when you are taking a gander at different grants, yet you ought to consistently think about utilizing research paper help services.</p>

College Essay Prompt With Regret

<h1>College Essay Prompt With Regret</h1><p>College paper prompts can be fun on the off chance that you realize how to think inventively and make your own. A few understudies are not urged to do this since they feel it is too hard to even think about writing, however others are urged to make the best papers conceivable. So what does a school exposition brief lament to have to do with regret?</p><p></p><p>The key to composing school articles is to compose with vitality and expectation. Think about your school article immediate as a chance to re-compose your expositions with a new and inventive psyche. For certain understudies, doing this might be more troublesome than others. For the imaginative understudies, they will harvest the best rewards.</p><p></p><p>So what does a school paper brief lament to have to do with different things we lament throughout everyday life? All things considered, you can generally return to y our old ways. Many individuals stumble into difficulty and get themselves paying off debtors essentially in light of the fact that they got excessively got up to speed during the time spent going to class and finding that they have no clue about what they need to do later on. They don't have the foggiest idea where to begin or what they truly need to do. This at that point prompts inconvenience and monetary hardship.</p><p></p><p>Writing a paper brief with lament is extremely about beginning once again. You have to consider the chance of what you truly need to accomplish professionally later on. At the point when you start to think this way, your future truly opens up. You can manufacture your future on that experience and when you become monetarily steady, you can go directly into that business and start working with a portion of the individuals you assisted at school.</p><p></p><p>One of the most straightforward paper prompts for und erstudies is the school exposition brief with lament. Composing a brief like this can work with practically any theme. It is typically just a matter of composing what you truly need to state. That doesn't imply that you can't at present use any thoughts that you have from past expositions, it just implies that the words and the substance ought to be your own.</p><p></p><p>However, a school article brief with lament is regularly simpler to compose than a brief that should incorporate basic word issues. Understudies may not really have the capacity to think of good thoughts; they can manage with whatever rings a bell. However, this ought not be the sole reason for a paper prompt.</p><p></p><p>You can generally fuse thoughts that depend on past encounters and occasions into your school article brief. You can join a portion of your present recollections and contemplations about the circumstance with what you realized in class. These are in credible approaches to consolidate old and new data together.</p><p></p><p>If you are considering how to make your own school exposition brief with lament, you can generally utilize different prompts that are accessible to you. There are likewise article prompts that request data about your background, dreams, and expectations. The beneficial thing pretty much these prompts is that they don't generally expect you to concoct thoughts or stories that depend exclusively on late occasions. You can really utilize a portion of the thoughts that you have for past occasions and comprehend them even better.</p>

How to Write College Paper

<h1>How to Write College Paper</h1><p>If you are searching for a decent composing task and need assistance with how to compose school paper, the accompanying tips will assist you with accomplishing the errand. Before you do whatever else, read these tips before attempting to compose your own essay.</p><p></p><p>First of every single, numerous school request that understudies compose school papers. At the end of the day, they are keen on your thoughts. If so, you are probably going to be drawn closer with certain kinds of assignments, all with a similar objective - to assist you with how to compose school paper. That is the reason you will locate that a few people who compose, have been approached to compose a paper by colleges and universities, however numerous others take such a test on their own.</p><p></p><p>First of all, there are a wide range of goals that understudies have when composing an exposition. A portion of the targets may be to get into school, or to improve their composing skills.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand, some probably won't be keen on getting into school. What they need to do is to get more understanding as an essayist. Truth be told, some of them are even inspired to win a degree in English or to compose a paper on their school vocation. In this way, on the off chance that you are an understudy who is finishing an article, it is acceptable to look for some assistance on the most proficient method to compose school paper.</p><p></p><p>You could find support from a teacher or different understudies who are chipping away at a similar exposition. You could likewise look for counsel from somebody who has composed a proposition and has gained notoriety for their work. The most ideal approach to figure out how to compose school paper is to utilize online assets, which will show you the procedure and give you a few techniques that y ou can use to compose a decent paper. Along these lines, you can guarantee that your paper is intriguing, shrewd, and well-written.</p><p></p><p>One significant viewpoint about composing expositions is that you ought to guarantee that your article considers well you. For instance, on the off chance that you compose an exposition that ponders inadequately yourself, at that point your educator or the paper advisory group may choose to reconsider or improve your article before it goes out for grades. In spite of the fact that this probably won't occur on the off chance that you have somebody helping you, you despite everything need to ensure that you are a resource for your college.</p><p></p><p>As for how to compose school paper, there are a few accommodating tips that can assist you with beginning. For instance, you should assemble a rundown of inquiries concerning your subject and work on responding to these inquiries in your own artic le. Take a stab at composing a couple of passages, and check your exposition cautiously, and alter your paper to ensure that it coordinates the requirements of the college.</p><p></p><p>Once you have composed your article, you will need to send it in to the school for evaluating. At the point when you are attempting to make sense of how to compose school paper, it is critical to ensure that your exposition is a precise impression of your scholastic aptitude. By utilizing on the web assets, you can without much of a stretch accomplish this.</p>

Research Paper Topics - How to Effectively Write Down Information Quickly

<h1>Research Paper Topics - How to Effectively Write Down Information Quickly</h1><p>Overly expounded on investigate paper subjects can turn out to be very irritating. Along these lines, why not get your data down on paper and begin investigating right away?</p><p></p><p>So, you've picked a subject and it's an ideal opportunity to go compose it. Be that as it may, when you get to your PC, you're immediately overpowered by all the data. There is a straightforward stunt to getting your examination paper points down quicker and simpler: duplicate and paste.</p><p></p><p>First of all, reorder is actually what it seems like: you duplicate something from another source, and afterward you glue it onto your exploration paper themes. What you reorder will be at least one sections of your examination paper subjects, and afterward you'll essentially embed it into your document.</p><p></p><p>For model, say you'd prefer to reorder the term 'empathy' into your report. Along these lines, you'd basically duplicate this section into your document:</p><p></p><p>Then, to embed this into your record, essentially utilize the accompanying recipe: quotes around the word 'sympathy,' embed a colon before the word 'incredible thing,' and afterward embed a comma, lastly embed the word 'and' after the word 'extraordinary thing.' This will fill in as the establishment for your examination paper topic.</p><p></p><p>Now, when you have this set up, just ensure that you incorporate the whole, proper term 'empathy' in the heading of your report. You ought to likewise underwrite the primary letter of each word you are composing. By underwriting the principal letter of each word you are composing, it will assist you with standing out according to the peruser just as not have the peruser composing back and forth.</p><p></p><p>While this m ay appear to be straightforward, this is likewise one of the best approaches to effectively get your exploration paper themes down, on the grounds that it will let you compose your passages as quick as you can. In the event that you didn't figure you could get your exploration paper subjects down, at that point basically consider that it was so difficult to type the words out each and every day.</p><p></p><p>By making this basic change to your examination paper themes, you will see a speed up with which you can record the data, which will bring about all the more composition. In this way, when you at last start composing your paper, ensure that you use this straightforward procedure with the goal that you can just reorder from the Internet, and afterward keep on writing in the manner in which you need to write.</p>

The Role and Function of Feste in William Shakespeares...

The Role and Function of Feste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Elizabethan times the Twelfth Night was a time of holiday and festivals and it was sometimes known as the feast of fools. Slapstick comedy, satire and romance along with disguise and frivolity were all ingredients, which would have been the order of the day. Feste the fool represents the festive spirit of the play, and he makes an important contribution to the action. Fools were employed by noble families, Feste is employed by the Countess Olivia. His role in Olivias household is to provide music, witty comment to engage in verbal repartee and to participate in slapstick comedy. Additionally in the play he also provides†¦show more content†¦He observes, Foolery sir, does walk about the orb like the sun, it shines everywhere What he is observing here is that he is surrounded by people who are fools. In many ways Feste seems to be the wisest person in the play. Feste accurately sums up the other characters. He mocks the Duke For thy mind is a very opal . An opal stone appears to be many colours and he is suggesting that the Dukes mind is very changeable. And of Sir Andrew For what says Quinapalus? Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. Since Feste is a licensed fool his main role in Twelfth Night is to speak the truth. He proves Olivia to be a true fool when he takes her to task for the time she intends to spend in mourning for a person whose soul is in heaven. Although he plays the fool he is not a fool and Viola is able to sum him up perfectly This fellows wise enough to play the fool And to do that well craves a kind of wit In the play Feste is probably most associated with music and sings three important songs. His love of music is clear. The love song he sings for Sir Toby and Sir Andrew in act two encourages the listener to grasp love whilst young because whats to come is still unsure. Festes next song is for Orsino and presents a tragic view of both love and life which fits the Dukes mood. Lay me, O where Sad true lover never find my grave,Show MoreRelatedTwelfth Night- Literature Cape Unit !7125 Words   |  29 PagesTwelfth Night Criticism William Shakespeare and The Twelfth Night Known for his tragedies, comedies, sonnets and love stories, William Shakespeare is argued to be one of the best writers of his time. Throughout his plays, including The Twelfth Night, he uses disguise and deceit to fool the other characters to benefit another. Shakespeare was born in April of 1564 in the town Stratford-upon-Avon. Although the exact date of his birth is not known, historians traditionally celebrate it on the 23rdRead MoreWisdom in Twelfth Night Essay2738 Words   |  11 PagesBeyond Seriousness to Wisdom in Twelfth Night      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare seems preoccupied with madness and folly in Twelfth Night. The word fool and its variants (foolery, foolish, and so forth) appear eighty times in the play, and the word folly occurs seven times. There are, in addition, other means of indicating foolishness such as Marias Now, sir, thought is free (1.3.67). As Feste suggests, Foolery ... does walk about the orb like the sun; it shines everywhere (3.1.39-40). Read MoreAnalysis Of The Twelfth Night 1651 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. To realise the relative nature of all that exists, and to enter a completely new order of things† To what extent do you feel that the â€Å"carnivalesque† conventions of comedy convey a meaningful challenge to the existing order of things? The Twelfth Night perhaps manifests around the continuous abolishment of social norms and traditional customs. The events that take place within the play are intertwined with typical connotations that surround abnormality and could possibly support the entry toRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Twelfth Night1780 Words   |  8 Pages Shakespeares Twelfth Night A study of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night, showing how Shakespeares choice of form, structure and language shape meaning Wit, andt be thy will, put me into good fooling! Those wits that think they have thee do very oft prove fools; and I that am sure I lack thee may pass for a wise man. For what says Quinapalus? Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. Shakespeares plays were written to be performed to an audience from different social classes andRead MoreFooling Around With Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2080 Words   |  9 PagesDanielle Pitch Dr. Rettig ENG 409: Shakespeare 29 November 2016 Fooling Around with Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night In his famous comedy, Twelfth Night, William Shakespeare took a conventional comedic concept and constructed a fool character that inserts an intricacy and resonance to his work. This fool is completely placed distant from society and moreover disregards or is unable to reflect the model of society in which he finds himself. The fool is identified as the inferior in society, where heRead MoreAuthority versus Truth in Sophocles Antigone and Shakespeares Twelfth Night2444 Words   |  10 Pagesconstitution is in place, the politician needs to take the appropriate measures to maintain it, to introduce reforms when he finds them necessary, and to prevent developments which might subvert the political system. Aristotles concerns with the role of human nature in politics, the relation of the individual to the state, the place of morality in politics, the theory of political justice and the relevance of ideals to practical politics along with the reasons for political change and revolutionRead MoreTouchstone Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1599, the thirty-five year old William Shakespeare wrote the famous play, As You Like It, a comedy involving the complex love story of Orlando, the son of Sir Rowland de Boys, and Rosalind. Both Orlando and Rosalind flee to the Forest of Arden to escape the tough Elizabethan court, along with some companions to help them make decisions. One character in particular, Touchstone, is shown as a funny and witty jester that can twist an argument and provide a comedic relief from the tense plot of theRead MoreThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night4384 Words   |  18 PagesThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night The title Twelfth Night seems to suggest that Shakespeare, who wrote the play around 1602, wanted it to be performed on the twelfth day after Christmas; the festival of the Epiphany. This day formally marked the end of the Christmas season, which at the time was celebrated as a special festival. In addition to eating, drinking and generally over indulging, the performance of plays was